Seven Warning Signs of Childhood Diabetes

Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, is raising awareness ahead of World Diabetes Day (14 November) by highlighting seven early warning signs of diabetes in children that parents should never ignore.

A Growing Concern

Once seen primarily as an adult disease, diabetes is now affecting children in increasing numbers. While type 1 diabetes remains the most common in young people, type 2 diabetes cases are rising due to childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles.

“Diabetes is no longer just an adult condition,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health. “Children are being diagnosed at growing rates, and early recognition is vital. The sooner parents act on warning signs, the better the chances of preventing life-threatening complications.”

What Is Diabetes in Children?

Diabetes occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin (type 1) or cannot use insulin properly (type 2). Insulin regulates blood sugar levels, and without it, glucose builds up in the bloodstream.

In children, diabetes can progress rapidly. If untreated, it may lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) — a dangerous condition that can be fatal.

7 Warning Signs Parents Should Never Ignore

1. Excessive thirst and frequent urination
   The body attempts to eliminate excess sugar through urination, which can lead to dehydration and persistent thirst. Children may wake often at night to urinate.
2. Extreme hunger and weight loss
   Despite eating more, a child may lose weight because the body cannot convert sugar into energy — a major red flag for type 1 diabetes.
3. Fatigue and irritability
   When cells lack glucose, energy levels drop. Children may seem tired, moody, or struggle to concentrate at school.
4. Blurred vision
   High blood sugar can cause swelling in the lens of the eye, leading to vision problems.
5. Slow-healing wounds and frequent infections
   Cuts, bruises, or sores that heal slowly may signal poor blood sugar control. Children may also suffer from recurrent skin or urinary tract infections.
6. Fruity-smelling breath
   A sweet or fruity odour on the breath suggests ketone build-up — a serious warning sign of diabetic ketoacidosis.
7. Unexplained nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
   These can indicate dangerously high blood sugar levels and require immediate medical attention.

Why Early Detection Matters

Diabetes in children is manageable with proper care, but delayed diagnosis can be life-threatening. Many children are only diagnosed once they reach the hospital in crisis, often already in DKA.

Parents and caregivers should never dismiss symptoms as regular growth changes. A simple blood test can confirm the diagnosis and prevent complications.

Managing Childhood Diabetes

Once diagnosed, children with diabetes need careful management to keep blood sugar within a safe range. Treatment may include:

• Daily insulin injections or pump therapy (for type 1 diabetes).
• A balanced diet and weight management.
• Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity.
• Home monitoring of blood glucose levels.
• Ongoing medical support for the child and family.

The Rise of Type 2 Diabetes in Children

While type 1 diabetes is autoimmune and cannot be prevented, type 2 diabetes is strongly linked to diet and lifestyle.

Poor eating habits, sugary drinks, and reduced physical activity are fuelling a sharp rise in childhood obesity. According to UNICEF, nearly 13% of South African children under five are already overweight.

Preventing type 2 diabetes starts with:

• Encouraging healthy eating at home and school.
• Promoting outdoor play and exercise.
• Limiting screen time and sugary snacks.

Schools and communities play a crucial role in creating healthier environments for children.

Support for Families

Affinity Health’s Diabetes Management Programme provides access to:

• Personalised case management.
• Treatment guidance and lifestyle coaching.
• 24/7 telehealth GP consultations for ongoing support.

“On World Diabetes Day, let’s not overlook our children’s health,” says Hewlett. “Recognising these signs early can prevent life-threatening complications and set them up for a healthier future.”