The pregnancy risks no one talks about – but should

Pregnancy is often depicted as nine months of glowing skin, baby kicks, and endless name debates. Yet, behind the joy, there are health risks that usually go unnoticed, and many expectant mothers in South Africa aren’t aware of them.

While most women know the basics of prenatal care, some lesser-known conditions can have serious consequences for both mother and baby. These “silent risks” – including vitamin deficiencies, high blood pressure, and anaemia – are common, and awareness is key.

Vitamin D deficiency – the hidden threat

Despite South Africa’s sunshine, research shows up to 80% of pregnant women are deficient in vitamin D, particularly those with darker skin tones or limited sun exposure. Vitamin D supports calcium absorption and foetal bone development, and low levels are linked to gestational diabetes, low birth weight, and developmental delays.

Symptoms such as fatigue or mood changes are often dismissed as typical pregnancy discomforts, but a simple blood test can confirm deficiency. Supplementation and safe sun exposure can make a significant difference.

Pregnancy hypertension – not just a late-term concern

High blood pressure during pregnancy – gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia – is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in South Africa. It can develop at any stage, with or without symptoms.

Women over 35, first-time mothers, and those with pre-existing conditions are at higher risk. Regular antenatal check-ups with blood pressure monitoring are vital to detect early signs and prevent complications for both mother and baby.

Anaemia – more than just fatigue

Iron-deficiency anaemia is common in South Africa’s pregnant women, yet often goes undiagnosed. Beyond extreme tiredness, it can cause dizziness, breathlessness, and increase the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and postnatal depression.

Routine blood tests can confirm anaemia, allowing for early treatment through dietary changes or supplements.

How to protect yourself and your baby

These conditions are manageable with timely detection and care. Practical steps include:

• Attending all antenatal appointments for routine screenings
• Requesting vitamin D and iron tests if they’re not offered
• Reporting persistent symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or vision changes
• Incorporating safe sun exposure into your routine
• Following a balanced, nutrient-rich diet

Pregnancy is a time of immense change. By understanding these risks and acting early, mothers can improve their health outcomes and those of their babies.

A healthy pregnancy starts with knowledge, regular check-ups, and trusting your instincts to speak up when something feels off.